What is link farm?

a set of web pages created with the sole aim of linking to a target page, in an attempt to improve that page's search engine ranking.

"when soliciting inbound links to your site, avoid link farms and other sites that have obvious artificial links"

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On the World Wide Web, a link farm is any group of web sites that all hyperlink to every other site in the group.^[1] In graph theoretic terms, a link farm is a clique. Although some link farms can be created by hand, most are created through automated programs and services. A link farm is a form of spamming the index of search engine (sometimes called spamdexing or spamexing). Other link exchange systems are designed to allow individual websites to selectively exchange links with other relevant websites and are not considered a form of spamdexing.

Search engines require ways to confirm page relevancy. A known method is to examine for one-way links coming directly from relevant websites. The process of building links should not be confused with being listed on link farms, as the latter requires reciprocal return links, which often renders the overall back link advantage useless. This is due to oscillation, causing confusion over which is the vendor site and which is the promoting site.